It's an Additional Signal that indicates the max. allowed speed of the track since that point. The 5 means that it's max. 50km/h allowed, 12 for example is 120km/h (you have to add just a zero).It's used in Austria too. If the color of the Signal is yellow, then it's a Speed-reduction Warning (Distant speed display), normally 1000m from this Signal. For More Information Check: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_railway_signalling
For More Information Check: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_railway_signalling